Sunday, May 24, 2020

Economic Recovery Plan Essay - 1052 Words

Owning a home: the dream that every man dreams. The American dream is both a privilege and a burden. Typically, realizing a dream that you have had since maturity is pleasurable, however, for many Americans, the possibility of owning their own home is a temptation that burns too bright to resist. I live in Williamson County, in Tennessee, which, at one point, was ranked in the top ten wealthiest counties in the entire United States. The fact is this: if you live in Williamson County, you most likely have some money. I have seen firsthand how people are tricked into â€Å"Keeping up with the Jones’†, and it is causing America as a whole to suffer financially. I think we can all agree that the majority of our current economic problems†¦show more content†¦f. the excess monies from the withholding penalty may not be used for anything purpose other than purchasing a home of renting an apartment/home. The excess withholding money expires and is returned to the federal government to be used expressly for social security, the day after the probationary time period ends. g. repeat offenders, or offenders who make a significant housing decision without consulting their probationary officer, during the probationary period will be imprisoned for 15 years. h. Once the full or settled amount has been paid, the offending financial institution will pay 1% of the full loan amount to the federal government to offset the costs of the bankruptcy, as well as any taxes that were not paid by the offender while in the program. i. Federal and state income taxes that are in excess of the typical withholding percentage from the paycheck can be waived during the specified period by the probationary officer. This may seem like a harsh penalty, however, let me explain the ethics behind my idea. I believe that there are consequences for bad actions. I believe that if you get greedy and purchase a home that you cannot afford then you deserve to be punished. However, it is very sad for me to see families suffer because their mother or father is imprisoned after poor financial decisions. This law would ensure that the offenderShow MoreRelatedThe European Economic Recovery Plan1244 Words   |  5 PagesEU as a whole experienced significant economic slowdown in 2008, as reported by the EU commission . In response to this in 2008, the European Economic Recovery Plan (EERP) was launched. The plan aimed to increase demand by bolstering purchasing power, revive the labor markets, and raise confidence in the financial system. Since the EU is only a common currency union and not fiscal union, it limited the ability of EU leaders and institutions to respond. In result, the crisis escalated and in 2009Read MoreDisaster Of Emergency Management Plan1276 Words   |  6 Pagesemergency management plans get put into action. Often we see terms such as mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery used to describe emergency management. This paper will look into the recovery aspect of disasters. We will see all of the planning that goes into recovery to best minimize the effects of a disaster. From the planning to the training to the execution phases, we can agree that recovery is an important part of emergency management. We will explore disaster recovery from the points ofRead MoreThe Emergency Management Profession1283 Words   |  5 Pagesdisaster cycle has four distinct yet interrelated phases: Mitigation, Preparedness, Response, and Recovery. The concept of the cycle implies an ongoing process in which communities, businesses, and individuals plan for and reduce potential disaster losses. Historically, emergency management programs have focused heavily on the preparednes s and response phases, leaving limited resources to address the recovery and mitigation phases. This research paper will discuss the basic goals of post-disaster hazardRead MoreThe Marshall Plan For The Cold War1724 Words   |  7 Pages How was the Marshall Plan decisive in the start of the cold war? By: Karan Arora Word count:1560 A. Plan of Investigation The Marshall Plan was an American initiative to aid Western Europe, in which the United States gave $13 billion in economic support to help rebuild Western European economies after the end of World War II. The plan was in operation for four years beginning in April 1947. The goals of the United States were to rebuild war-devastated regions, remove trade barriersRead MoreThe American Recovery And Reinvestment Act Essay799 Words   |  4 PagesFebruary 17, 2009, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act was instated. This fiscal plan was created to stabilize the economy while it was spiraling down out of control. At the time, the United States was experiencing many economic problems and was very close to a collapse. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act was created by Barack Obama to save 900,000 to 2.3 million jobs. The plan asked for 800 billion dollars but had to be approved by congress first. This plan tried to end the breakdownRead MoreU.s. Economic Stimulus Package843 Wor ds   |  4 Pages U.S. Economic Stimulus Package Jason Leitch-Williams St. Gregory’s University U.S. Economic Stimulus The Great Recession has been one of the largest fiscal crises of the current generation and the economic downturn that resulted has been recorded as the longest and most severe since the Great Depression (The Impact of the Recovery Act on Economic Growth). Although the economy has reached a stage of recovery, the effects of the recession to real GDP can be seen in business cycleRead MoreThe Weimar Republics Recovery by 1929 Essay example747 Words   |  3 PagesThe Weimar Republics Recovery by 1929 From 1919 until 1924 the Weimar Republic had somehow managed to survive political, economic and foreign policy problems. This was followed by a period of stability and apparent prosperity until 1929, but I am cautious about the extent to which the Weimar Republic recovered by 1929. There are three main problematic areas; political, economic and foreign policy. There were many economic problems that Germany needed to resolve. Read MoreAnalysis Of The Murray Darling Basin Authoritys Basin Plan1658 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction (background information, purpose of the plan(sustainable basin balance),SDL,wentworth group. SDL: sustainable division limits The purpose of this report is to evaluate the Murray Darling Basin Authoritys Basin Plan (MDBA Basin Plan) revised in 2012 and the recommendations made by Wentworth Group as well as the comments made by regional industry and development groups and state governments. The previous version of this plan (the one released in 2010) has not met the its targets and hasRead MoreEssay About Made In Nigeria Business997 Words   |  4 Pagesalso witnessed the Plan of Actions and Strengthening Stakeholders on Step-down Advocacy by the Director General, Centre for Applied Policy and Social Advocacy (CAPSA), Abuja, Dr. Lanre Adebayo; and presentation of the Federal Ministry of Science and Technology-NGO Network Partnership by the Legal Adviser, Federal Ministry of Science and Technology, Mrs. Yvonne Odu-Thomas. Perspectives on the Promotion of Made in Nigeria Products as Government’s Economic Recovery and Growth Plan was presented by theRead MoreSupply Chain Opportunity For An Uncertain Economic Recovery1402 Words   |  6 PagesSupply Chain Opportunity in an Uncertain Economic Recovery Authors Statement of Purpose Supply Chain Opportunity in an Uncertain Economic Recovery, by Eric G. Olson, discusses the advantages the supply chain has in a struggling economic recovery, when most other companies are dealing with uncertainty. The authors’ intention contained in this article is to discuss opportunities that businesses have to grow their operations despite coming out of a severe recession. The author identifies to take advantage

Monday, May 18, 2020

Ten Facts About Port au Prince, Haiti

Port au Prince (map) is the capital and largest city based on population in Haiti, a relatively small country that shares the island of Hispaniola with the Dominican Republic. It is located on the Gulf of Gonà ¢ve on the Caribbean Sea and covers an area of nearly 15 square miles (38 sq km). The metro region of Port au Prince is dense with a population of over two million but like the rest of Haiti, the majority of the population in Port au Prince is extremely poor although there are some wealthier areas within the city. The following is a list of the ten most important things to know about Port au Prince: 1) Most recently, much of Haitis capital city was destroyed in a catastrophic magnitude 7.0 earthquake which hit near Port au Prince on January 12, 2010. The death toll in the earthquake was in the thousands and most of Port au Princes central historic district, its capital building, the parliament building, as well as other city infrastructure such as hospitals were destroyed. 2) The city of Port au Prince was officially incorporated in 1749 and in 1770 it replaced Cap-Franà §ais as the capital of the French colony of Saint-Domingue. 3) Modern-day Port au Prince is located on a natural harbor on the Gulf of Gonà ¢ve which has allowed it to sustain more economic activity than other areas of Haiti.4) Port au Prince is Haitis economic hub as it is an export center. The most common exports leaving Haiti through Port au Prince are coffee and sugar. Food processing is also common in Port au Prince. 5) The population of Port au Prince is difficult to accurately determine because of a large presence of slums in the hills adjacent to the city. 6) Although Port au Prince is densely populated the citys layout is divided as commercial districts are near the water, while residential areas are in the hills next to the commercial areas. 7) Port au Prince is divided into separate districts that are administered by their own local mayors who are under the jurisdiction of the entire citys general mayor. 8) Port au Prince is considered the educational hub of Haiti as it has several different educational institutions which range from large universities to smaller vocational schools. The State University of Haiti is also located in Port au Prince. 9) Culture is an important aspect of Port au Prince museums featuring artifacts from explorers like Christopher Columbus and historic buildings. Many of these buildings, however, were damaged in the January 12, 2010 earthquake. 10) Recently, tourism has become an important part of Port au Princes economy, however most tourist activity focuses around the citys historic districts and affluent areas. Reference Wikipedia. (2010, April 6). Port-au-Prince - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port-au-Prince

Wednesday, May 13, 2020

Introduction And Situational Analysis Mcdonalds - 939 Words

Introduction and Situational Analysis Since it’s opening in April of 1955, McDonalds has become a popular global fast-food chain. Its popularity is mainly due to consistency, location and most importantly, price. By keeping food prices low, they gained the upper hand in the fast-food industry, but that doesn’t mean the food is also something to celebrate. McDonalds promoted the idea of cheap food at a cheap price. Their impact on global obesity increases as they gain more fame internationally. For years now McDonalds has known that their products have harmed the public by promoting an unhealthy diet. The dilemma now is to determine who will take responsibility for a now growing overweight society. Stakeholder Analysis Key stakeholders include customers, suppliers, and the employees of McDonalds. The stakeholder most affected is the public-whether one buys from McDonalds or not. Those who do purchase from McDonalds are directly affected by the unhealthy food provided. There have been various experiences, such as Morgan Spurlock, where fast-food consumption led increase of obesity and type 2 diabetes (Trecroci, 2005). To keep a corporation like McDonalds running, it takes a huge toll on society financially and economically. This impact includes the draining of aquifers, contamination of waterways, strip-mined soils, dangerous working conditions, greenhouse methane gas emitted by the millions of hamburger cows in feedlots, their $2 billion advertising and promotionalShow MoreRelatedSwot Analysis Of Burgerfuel As A Gourmet Burger Restaurant Essay1268 Words   |  6 PagesTable of Contents 3. Introduction 4. Situational analysis 4.1 Market analysis 4.1.1 Consumer buying patterns 4.1.2 Market size 4.1.3 Changes in the market 4.1.4 Market segmentation 4.2 Competitor analysis 4.2.1. Competitors 4.2.2. Competitiveness in the Industry 4.2.3. Competitors Strengths and Weaknesses Grid 4.2.4. Perceptual Map 4.2.5. Perceptual Map Explained 4.3 Macro environmental analysis 4.3.1 Political 4.3.2 Economic 4.3.3 Social 4.3.4 Technological 5. TOWS analysis 5.1 Threats Read MoreLeadership Skills to Manage Diversity in the Military937 Words   |  4 PagesEssay 5: How Do Leaders Manage Diversity In The Military? Introduction Given the proliferation of missions that often have multiple objectives aligned to counterterrorism, humanitarian aid, and national defense, the alacrity at which the armed forces are expected to integrate and quickly deliver results in a foreign nation is increasing. The cross-cultural competency (3C) model is designed as a foundation for streamlining the cultural assimilation process, providing leaders and subordinates withRead MoreMcdonalds and Starbucks Case Study Essay1787 Words   |  8 Pagesa brief introduction of McDonalds - Not more than 5 lines. o Globalization of McDonalds – Discuss in detail †¢ Give a brief introduction of Starbucks - Not more than 5 lines. o Globalization of Starbucks – Discuss in detail Task Two Compare the globalization approaches of Starbucks McDonalds The parameters to be used for this comparison are: †¢ Cultural Environment †¢ Economic Environment †¢ Political Legal Environment †¢ Any other parameters Task Three Situational Analysis McDonaldsRead MoreStarbucks s Objectives For Starbucks969 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction:- Starbucks one of most well know coffee house which is based in Australia. There serving world’s best taste coffee based drinks all over the world. Starbucks is specialized in selling coffee. Starbucks world No.1 coffee cafà © they had a good reputation. The sales growth has been increased through their international business and it targeted international markets of Europe, Middle East, New Zealand, and Australia. Organisations vision and mission:- To accomplish its mission, StarbucksRead MoreMarketing Plan for the Electric Car Corporation3143 Words   |  13 PagesKingdom. The paper starts with a brief introduction to the company, its product offerings, and areas of operations and then explains why a marketing plan is essential in the strategic planning process of an organization. Afterwards, the process of new product development at ECC has been discussed. The marketing plan starts with a comprehensive situational and SWOT analysis of the company as well as its new product offering. In this paper, the SWOT Analysis is done to analyze the companys core strengthsRead MoreEssay on Comparing McDonalds and Burger King2479 Words   |  10 PagesComparing McDonalds and Burger King 1.0 Executive Summary This report examines how the fast-food service industry uses consumer behaviour principles and techniques to influence consumers. It explores the actions and observes the practices undertaken by the two most prominent players of this particular industry, namely McDonalds Corporation and Burger King Corporation. Using past and present research and statistics, this reports offers a complete analysis of consumer reaction to advertisementsRead MoreMcdonalds Marketing Plan3867 Words   |  16 PagesSummary The report highlights various marketing aspects of one of the most successful brands in the world, McDonald’s. The introduction provides an overview about how the company came into being and how it turned into an international franchising corporation starting from being just a local burger stand in the United States. Moreover brief details about the Ronald McDonald mascot and the golden arch logo have been given as well. The mission statement of McDonald’s has also been given, perhaps theRead MoreEconomic:. In Past Years, Mcdonalds Have Shown The Ability1759 Words   |  8 Pages Economic: In past years, McDonalds have shown the ability to often adjust and perform effectively to any economic/financial climate. This is due to when there is an economic downturn, consumers living on a tight budget in a bad economy often turn to fast food chains for inexpensive meals. For example, within Europe, where stressed consumers are still pulling back, McDonald s notched 6.9 percent same-store-sales growth in 2009 s second quarter. Thereby illustrating of a maintenance of longRead MoreMcdonalds. Human Resources9534 Words   |  39 PagesMcDonalds TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 01 HUMAN RESOURCE ANALYSIS 09 JOB ANALYSIS 10 PLANNING AND FORECASTING 18 RECRUITMENT 20 SELECTION 22 TRAINING 29 DEVELOPMENT 34 PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL 36 COMPENSATION 38 INCENTIVES 42 BENEFITS 44 EMPLOYEE RELATIONS 45 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 50 Human Resource Management Project McDonalds UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL PUNJAB KUBRA ASLAM L1S08BBAM2020 MARYM ATIQ L1S08BBAM2032 KHADIJA BUTT L1S08BBAM2024 PROJECT MCDONALDS SUBMITTED TO PROF. R. SHAKOORRead MoreMarketing Objectives Of Mcdonald s Corporation4018 Words   |  17 Pagesmade. On the other hand, more employees are required for the company, then more job opportunities are created, it has positive influence to the society. This report is going to expand current situational analysis, evaluating marketing objectives, marketing communications, and explain the 7p s of McDonald s Corporation. It will explain details about how the delivery services will be offered, why is it worth to make it happen, and what McDonald’s need to do in the future to achieve the purpose,

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Wolfgang Kohlers Contributions to Learning Essay example

Wolfgang Kohlers Contributions to Learning Learning affects an individuals behavior through cognition in many ways. One of the most obvious ways is the acquiring of a skill. Kohler, a Gestaltist, was a believer in the value of perception and insight in terms of our cognition and how we are more than our behavior#8230; that we actually have mental processes that govern our capacity to solve problems and make decisions in regards to learning and behavior. Kohler performed many experiments with chimpanzees to assist his theory about perception and insight. Although, we cannot confine our learning to solely abiding in Kohlers theory, he was still able to allow room for the reflective places in cognition and how we go about using†¦show more content†¦Wolfgang Kohler was born in Reval, Estonia, as the son of German parents. When he was six, the family moved to Germany and settled in Wolfenbuttell. Kohler attended the universities of Tubingen, Bonn and Berlin, receiving his PhD in 1909. In the same year, he started t o work at the Psychological Institute in Frankfurt-am-Main. There he met Max Wertheimer and Kurt Koffka, with whom he lay foundations of the Gestalt psychology. It was born as a reaction to the behavioristic theories of Watson and Pavlov and focused mainly on the nature of perception. In 1913, Kohler became director of the Anthropoid Station of the Prussian Academy of Sciences on the Island of Teneriffe. He remained there through WWI and started to work on The Mentality of Apes. After his return to Germany, Kohler became director of the Psychological Institute at the University of Berlin. He founded with his colleagues discussion forum about Gestalt Psychology. Because of the Nazi interference with his work, Kohler immigrated to the United States in 1935 (Lefrancois 2000). He continued to write books in the United States, engaging in fierce battles with behaviorists such as Hull and Watson. He was awarded the scientific contribution award by the American Psychological Asso ciation and served as president of that association. From 1958 until his death, he was research professor of psychology at Dartmouth College. Kohler died on June 11, 1967 in New

Bio 169 Free Essays

Urinary System: Anatomy Review 1. Name the organs in the urinary system: 1. 2 kidneys 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Bio 169 or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2 ureters 3. bladder 4. uethra 2. The kidneys are retroperitoneal (behind the peritoneum), lying against the dorsal body wall in the upper abdomen. 3. The adrenal gland sits atop the kidneys. Blood vessels enter and leave the kidney at the renal cortex. 4. The functional units of the kidney are the nephrons. They are called renal pyramids if they are located mainly in the cortex. They are called renal pyramids if they are located in both the cortex and the medulla. 5. Blood enters the kidney through the hilus artery. The artery branches into smaller and smaller arteries and arterioles. Complete the sequence below: ______________ arteriole ______________ capillaries ______________ arteriole ______________ capillaries and vasa recta 6. Complete the sequence below showing all parts of the nephron: Glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule proximal convoluted tubule loop of henle (both descending and ascending limb) distal convoluted tubule collecting duct (both cortical and medullary sections) 7. The renal corpuscle consists of two parts: glomerular capillaries and the Bownan’s capsule. A portion of the plasma is filtered into the capsular space due to the hydrostatic pressure of the blood. 8. The filtration membrane consists of fenestrated capillary endothelium, porous basementmembrane, and the photocyte (which contain filtration slits). This filtration membrane permits (large or small) molecules to be filtered. 9. Proximal tubule: The simple cuboidal cells of the proximal tubule are called brush border cells because they contain numerous microvilli. The microvilli increase the surface area for reabsorption. The proximal tubule cells are highly permeable to water and many solutes. The tight junctions permit the movement of water between the cells. 10. Loop of Henle: The thin descending limb of the loop of Henle is highly permeable to water but not to solutes. The thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle is highly permeable to ___________________ but not to ___________________. 11. The thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle runs back between the afferent and efferent arterioles as they enter and leave the glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule. The juxtaglomerular apparatus consists of the macular densa cells of the tubule and the granular (modified smooth muscle) cells of the afferent arteriole. Granulerutal cells serve as baroreceptors sensitive to blood pressure within the arteriole. Macular densa cells monitor and respond to changes in the osmolarity (or electrolyte composition) of the filtrate in the tubule. 12. After the juxtaglomerular apparatus, the tubule becomes the distal tubule, which merges with the cortical collecting duct. The cortical collecting duct contains two functional types of cells: Principal cells—hormones regulate their permeability to water and solutes. Intercalated cells—secrete hydrogen ions for acid-base regulation. 13. The medullary collecting duct is composed of principal cells. Their permeability to urea and water is hormonally regulated. Urinary System: Glomerular Filtration 1. What force drives filtration at the glomerulus? Blood pressure 2. Glomerular filtration is a process of bulk flow driven by the hydrostatic pressure of the blood. 3. Common components of the filtrate are divided into four categories on the CD program. These include: 1. water 2. ions 3. notrogenous waste 4. organic molecules 4. Blood pressure in the glomerulus is about 60 mmHg. 5. What two pressures oppose filtration and what are their values? 1. hydrostatic 15mmHg 2. osmotic 28mm Hg 6. What is the normal net filtration pressure? 7 mmHg 7. With a glomerular filtration rate of 125 ml/min, how much plasma would be filtered per day? 180L In 24 hours? _____ 8. In an exercising individual the afferent arteriole will (dilate or constrict) to avoid excess fluid loss. 9. Two mechanisms that provide autoregulatory control over renal processes include: 1. myogenic 2. tubuloglomer 10. High osmolarity (or high Na+ and Cl–) in the ascending loop of Henle will cause afferent arterioles to (dilate or constrict) by releasing vasoconstrictor 11. In periods of extreme stress, the sympathetic nervous system will override autoregulation. An increase in sympathetic flow to the kidney will result in what two important effects that will aid maintenance of blood pressure? 1. vasocontriction 2. Urinary System: Early Filtrate Processing 1. What are the two reabsorption pathways through the tubular cell barrier? 1. transcellular 2. paracellular 2. How can we cause water to diffuse from the lumen into the interstitial space? An increase in the osmolarity of the interstitium 3. Transport of what ion could cause the diffusion in question 2? 4. Summarize reabsorption in the proximal tubule. 85% of reabsorption of all useful substances occur here 5. What percent of the filtrate is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule? 99% 6. The simple squamous cells of the thin descending loop are permeable to __________________ but impermeable to ________________. 7. The ascending limb of the loop of Henle is permeable to Water but impermeable to solutes. 8. What is the role of the loop of Henle? Facilitated diffusion 9. What is the role of the vasa recta? Blood capillary which collects the filtered blood capillary which collects the filtered blood from afferent arterriole 10. From the Quiz section, what does furosemide do? Increases your water output to decrease fluid retention through urination Urinary System: Late Filtrate Processing 1. Name the two types of cells in the cortical collecting ducts and describe their function. 1. principal 2. intercalated 2.a. Aldosterone is stimulated by an increase or decrease in what ions? 1. potassium 2. Sodium b. What does aldosterone increase in the basolateral membrane? 3. What does antidiuretic hormone (ADH) increase in the luminal membrane? Vasopressin 4. In dehydration and overhydration, what would be the levels of: a. ADH? v dehydration ___? ___ overhydration (? or ) b. Aldosterone? ___ v ___ dehydration __? ____ overhydration (? or ) 5. Describe what move(s) out of the tubule and what the osmolarity would be in the following nephron segments: a. Proximal tubule______ move(s) out______ mOsm b. Descending limb______ move(s)out______ mOsm c. Ascending limb______ move(s)out______ mOsm d. Late distal tubule______ move(s)out______ mOsm 6. a. By the medullary collecting duct, only _____% of the filtrate remains. b. Under the following conditions, report the levels of ADH and subsequent urine osmolarity and flow rate 7. a. Urine with a â€Å"high normal osmolarity† and containing RBCs and protein would indicate: _______________ b. Urine with a very high osmolartiy and glucose would indicate: _______________ c. Urine with a very low osmolarity and high volume would indicate: _______________ 8. An increase in plasma potassium levels would lead to what changes in the following? (? or ) a. _____aldosterone levels b. _____potassium excretion c. _____sodium excretion d. _____interstitial osmolarity e. _____urine volume How to cite Bio 169, Papers

Accrual Prepayment free essay sample

Explain the foundations of accruals and prepayments, including the nature of the resulting change in the income statement. | |Show the entries for accruals and prepayments in the journal, ledger and final accounts. | |Prepare the final accounts from a trial balance making the required adjustment for accruals and prepayments. The Accrual Concepts The accruals concept dictates that costs are recognized as they are incurred, not when money is paid. An accrual is an amount outstanding for a service provided during a particular accounting period that is still to be paid for at the end of it. It is expected that the amount due will be settled in cash in a subsequent accounting period. The term accrued expenses refer to an expense that the business has incurred but has not yet paid yet. Normally the accountant waits till the end of period to make an adjustment before the financial statement is prepared. Prepayment = paid in advance 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Accrual Prepayment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Income statement = the expense paid LESS the prepaid amount 3. Balance sheet = the prepaid amount is shown as current assets Example 3 Insurance for a business is at the rate of RM 1,840 per annum, starting from 1 January 2012. The business has agreed to pay this rate of RM 460 every quarterly.

Monday, May 4, 2020

New deal/progressive era Essay Example For Students

New deal/progressive era Essay During the 1930s, America witnessed a breakdown of the Democratic and free enterprise system as the US fell into the worst depression in history. The economic depression that beset the United States and other countries was unique in its severity and its consequences. At the depth of the depression, in 1933, one American worker in every four was out of a job. The great industrial slump continued throughout the 1930s, shaking the foundations of Western capitalism. The New Deal describes the program of US president Franklin D. Roosevelt from 1933 to 1939 of relief, recovery, and reform. These new olicies aimed to solve the economic problems created by the depression of the 1930s. When Roosevelt was nominated, he said, I pledge you, I pledge myself, to a new deal for the American people. The New Deal included federal action of unprecedented scope to stimulate industrial recovery, assist victims of the Depression, guarantee minimum living standards, and prevent future economic crises. Many economic, political, and social factors lead up to the New Deal. Staggering statistics, like a 25% unemployment rate, and the fact that 20% of NYC school children were under weight and malnourished, made it clear immediate action was necessary. In the first two years, the New Deal was concerned mainly with relief, setting up shelters and soup kitchens to feed the millions of unemployed. However as time progressed, the focus shifted towards recovery. In order to accomplish this monumental task, several agencies were created. The National Recovery Administration (NRA) was the keystone of the early new deal program launched by Roosevelt. It was created in June 1933 under the terms of the National Industrial Recovery Act. The NRA permitted businesses to draft codes of fair competition, with presidential approval, that regulated prices, ages, working conditions, and credit terms. Businesses that complied with the codes were exempted from antitrust laws, and workers were given the right to organize unions and bargain collectively. After that, the government set up long-range goals which included permanent recovery, and a reform of current abuses. Particularly those that produced the boom-or-bust catastrophe. The NRA gave the President power to regulate interstate commerce. This power was originally given to Congress. While the NRA was effective, it was bringing America closer to socialism by giving the President unconstitutional powers. In May 1935 the US Supreme Court, in Schechter Poultry Corporation V. United States, unanimously declared the NRA unconstitutional on the grounds that the code-drafting process was unconstitutional. Another New Deal measure under Title II of the National Industrial Recovery Act of June 1933, the Public Works Administration (PWA), was designed to stimulate US industrial recovery by pumping federal funds into large-scale construction projects. The head of the PWA exercised extreme caution in allocating funds, and this did not stimulate the rapid revival of US industry that New Dealers had hoped for. The PWA spent $6 billion enabling building contractors to employ approximately 650,000 workers who might otherwise have been jobless. The PWA built everything from schools and libraries to roads and highways. The agency also financed the construction of cruisers, aircraft carriers, and destroyers for the navy. In addition, the New Deal program founded the Works Projects Administration in 1939. It was the most important New Deal work-relief agency. The WPA developed relief programs to preserve peoples skills and self-respect by providing useful work during a period of massive unemployment. From 1935 to 1943 the WPA provided approximately 8 illion jobs at a cost of more than $11 billion. This funded the construction of thousands of public buildings and facilities. In addition, the WPA sponsored the Federal Theater Project, Federal Art Project, and Federal Writers Project providing work for people in the arts. In 1943, after the onset of wartime prosperity, Roosevelt terminated the WPA. One of the most well known, The Social Security Act, created a system of old-age pensions and unemployment insurance, which is still around today. Social security consists of public programs to protect workers and their families from income losses ssociated with old age, illness, unemployment, or death. .u1c31a397f2bf9f9ab61e3635468240e1 , .u1c31a397f2bf9f9ab61e3635468240e1 .postImageUrl , .u1c31a397f2bf9f9ab61e3635468240e1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1c31a397f2bf9f9ab61e3635468240e1 , .u1c31a397f2bf9f9ab61e3635468240e1:hover , .u1c31a397f2bf9f9ab61e3635468240e1:visited , .u1c31a397f2bf9f9ab61e3635468240e1:active { border:0!important; } .u1c31a397f2bf9f9ab61e3635468240e1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1c31a397f2bf9f9ab61e3635468240e1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1c31a397f2bf9f9ab61e3635468240e1:active , .u1c31a397f2bf9f9ab61e3635468240e1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1c31a397f2bf9f9ab61e3635468240e1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1c31a397f2bf9f9ab61e3635468240e1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1c31a397f2bf9f9ab61e3635468240e1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1c31a397f2bf9f9ab61e3635468240e1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1c31a397f2bf9f9ab61e3635468240e1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1c31a397f2bf9f9ab61e3635468240e1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1c31a397f2bf9f9ab61e3635468240e1 .u1c31a397f2bf9f9ab61e3635468240e1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1c31a397f2bf9f9ab61e3635468240e1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Hobby and Sport EssayThe Fair Labor Standards Act (1938) established a federal Minimum Wage and maximum-hours policy. The minimum wage, 25 cents per hour, applied to many workers engaged in interstate commerce. The law was intended to prevent competitive wage cutting by employers during the Depression. After the law was passed, wages began to rise as the economy turned to war production. Wages and prices continued to rise, and the original minimum wage ceased to be relevant. However, this new law still excluded millions of working people, as did social security. However, a severe recession led many people to turn against New Deal policies. In addition, World War II erupted in September 1939. Causing an enormous growth in the economy as war goods were once again in great demand. No major New Deal legislation was enacted after 1938. The Depression was a devastating event in America, and by regulating banks and the stock market the New Deal eliminated the dubious financial practices that had helped precipitate the Great Depression. However, Roosevelts chief fiscal tool, deficit spending, proved to be ineffective in averting downturns in the economy.